Endocrinology and Metabolism

Case Report

A Case of Malignant Insulinoma Resistant to Octreotide and Combination Chemotherapy.: Duk Kyu Kim, Hyuk Chan Kwon, Ju Il Lee, Do Young Kang, Jae Seok Kim, Hyo Jin Kim, Jong Seong Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(3):300-305. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Insulinoma is insulin-secreting tumor that almost all originate in the pancreas and cause symptoms related to hypoglycemia. The documentation of metastatic lesions by imaging studies, is only accurate mean of diagnosing malignant insulinoma before surgical exploration. We experienced a case of malignant insulinoma with liver, adrenal glands, regional lymph nodes and multiple bone metastasis. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and liver, bone scanning were used to evaluate the disease. Tissue diagnosis was obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy of liver metastasis. The patient was treated with Octreotide therapy and combination chemotherapy(Streptozocin and 5-FU), but she did not respond to these regimen. Now, we present this case with the brief review of literatures.

Original Articles

Quantitative Changes of Apoprotein Levels in Non - Insulin Dependent Diabetics.: Do Young Kang, Duk Kyu Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(2):105-114. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative changes of apoprotein levels in non-insulin dependent diabetics.As the subjects of this study, 37 patients were selected among non-insulin dependent diabetics admitted to Dong-A University Hospital between March 1990 and February 1994. They were divided into two groups. One group(n=20) had the diabetic dyslipidemia(Group DD) and the other group(n=17) had no diabetic dyslipidemia(Group D). For the control, normal healthy persons(n=17) were studied.Plasma lipid and apoprotein levels of all the subjects were measured. The results were as follows;1) Apoprotein AI & AII levels were significantly decreased in Group DD compared with both Group D and Control, but there was no significant difference between Group D and Control.2) Apoprotein B levels were significantly decreased in both Group DD and Group D compared with Control, but there was no significant difference between Group DD and Group D. 3) Apoprotein CII levels were significantly increased in both Group DD and Group D compared with Control, but there was no significant difference between Group DD and Group D. 4) Apoprotein CIII levels were significantly increased in Group D compared with both Group DD and Control, but there was no significant difference between Group DD and Control. 5) Apoprotein E levels were not significantly different among three groups.These results suggest that NIDDM itself causes the level of apoprotein B to decrease and the level of apoprotein CII to increase, regardless of the associated diabetic dyslipidemia.

Clinical Study
Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Level Is Associated with the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Sunghwan Suh, Mi Yeon Kim, Soo Kyoung Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Nam H. Cho, Moon-Kyu Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(1):134-141. Published online March 16, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.134

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Background

Incretin hormone levels as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we measured incretin hormone levels to examine the relationship between circulating incretin hormones, diabetes, and future diabetes development in this study.

Methods

A nested case-control study was conducted in a Korean cohort. The study included the following two groups: the control group (n=149), the incident diabetes group (n=65). Fasting total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and total glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels were measured and compared between these groups.

Results

Fasting total GIP levels were higher in the incident diabetes group than in the control group (32.64±22.68 pmol/L vs. 25.54±18.37 pmol/L, P=0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in fasting total GLP-1 levels between groups (1.14±1.43 pmol/L vs. 1.39±2.13 pmol/L, P=0.199). In multivariate analysis, fasting total GIP levels were associated with an increased risk of diabetes (odds ratio, 1.005; P=0.012) independent of other risk factors.

Conclusion

Fasting total GIP levels may be a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This association persisted even after adjusting for other metabolic parameters such as elevated fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and obesity in the pre-diabetic period.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a causal role for circulating GIP and IL-1RA levels in homeostatic model assessment-derived measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in Africans without type 2 diabetes
Karlijn A. C. Meeks, Amy R. Bentley, Themistocles L. Assimes, Nora Franceschini, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Charles N. Rotimi, Ayo P. Doumatey
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Jenna E. Hunt, Jens J. Holst, Sara L. Jepsen
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Combined treatment with a gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor antagonist and a peptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor improves metabolic abnormalities in diabetic mice
Fei Yang, Shan Dang, Hongjun LV, Bingyin Shi
Journal of International Medical Research.2021; 49(1): 030006052098566. CrossRef
Elevated levels of fasting serum GIP may be protective factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
LingHong Huang, JingXiong Zhou, Bo Liang, HuiBin Huang, LiangYi Li
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2021; 41(4): 543. CrossRef
Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals
Tina Jorsal, Nicolai A. Rhee, Jens Pedersen, Camilla D. Wahlgren, Brynjulf Mortensen, Sara L. Jepsen, Jacob Jelsing, Louise S. Dalbøge, Peter Vilmann, Hazem Hassan, Jakob W. Hendel, Steen S. Poulsen, Jens J. Holst, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K. Knop
Diabetologia.2018; 61(2): 284. CrossRef
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Review Article

Thyroid
Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Disease: Sunghwan Suh, Duk Kyu Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):246-251. Published online August 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.246

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Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common disorder that is characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in conjunction with free thyroxine concentrations within the normal reference range. Thyroid hormones are known to affect the heart and vasculature and, as a result, the impact of SCH on the cardiovascular (CV) system has recently become an important topic of research. Strong evidence points to a link between SCH and CV risk factors such as alterations in blood pressure, lipid levels, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, accumulating evidence indicates that SCH is associated with metabolic syndrome and heart failure. The present review proposes that SCH may be a potentially modifiable risk factor of CV disease and mortality. However, large-scale clinical trials with appropriate power investigating the risks and benefits of SCH treatment are required to determine whether these benefits can be achieved with levothyroxine therapy.

Citations

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A Comparative Study of Iron Status in Subclinical Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Subjects in a Tertiary Care Hospital
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The influence of hypothyroidism on the course of coronary artery disease in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
M.V. Kucheriava, G.B. Mankovskyi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2023; 19(3): 161. CrossRef
Correlation between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Study
SalhahSaleh Alsulami, Mukhtiar Baig, AtheerHameed Albeladi, ShahadBandar Alyoubi, ShahadAlhumaidi Alsubaie, SamahAbdulsalam Albeladi, KholoudAlawi Ghamri, AbeerMohammed Saeed Alraiqi, SafaMobarak Alyoubi, WesamAied Almutairi
Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences.2023; 11(3): 250. CrossRef
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Ulrike Gottwald-Hostalek, Barbara Schulte
Current Medical Research and Opinion.2022; 38(1): 59. CrossRef
Mean platelet volume (MPV) levels in subclinical hypothyroidism and its relation to serum lipid levels
Zafer ERCAN, Mehmet Emin DEMİR
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The impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on long-term outcomes in older patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Yong-Sheng Liu, Mei Wei, Le Wang, Gang Liu, Guo-Ping Ma, Katsushige Ono, Ze-Long Cao, Man Yang, Ming-Qi Zheng
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Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Geriatric Population and Its Association With Heart Failure
Priyanka Panday, Ana P Arcia Franchini, Beshoy Iskander, Fatima Anwer, Federico Oliveri, Fotios Kakargias , Pousette Hamid
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Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Evaluation of left atrial volume and functions by real time three‐dimensional echocardiography in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine therapy
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Modified Low-Dose Triiodo-L-thyronine Therapy Safely Improves Function Following Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
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CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM- RESULTS OF A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY
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Original Article

Obesity and Metabolism
Sex Factors in the Metabolic Syndrome as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease: Sunghwan Suh, Jongha Baek, Ji Cheol Bae, Kyoung-Nyoun Kim, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Nam H. Cho, Moon-Kyu Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):522-529. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.522

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Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a cluster of metabolic disorders and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study analyzed data from the Korean Health and Genome Study to examine the impact of MetS on CVD.

Methods

A total of 8,898 subjects (4,241 males and 4,657 females), 40 to 69 years of age, were enrolled and evaluated for the development of new onset CVD from 2001 to 2012 (median 8.1 years of follow-up).

Results

The prevalence of MetS at baseline was 22.0% (932/4,241) and 29.7% (1,383/4,657) in males and females, respectively. MetS was associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD; hazard ratio [HR], 1.818; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.312 to 2.520 in males; HR, 1.789; 95% CI, 1.332 to 2.404 in females) and CVD (HR, 1.689; 95% CI, 1.295 to 2.204 in males; HR, 1.686; 95% CI, 1.007 to 2.192 in females). Specifically, MetS was associated with risk of future stroke in females only (HR, 1.486; 95% CI, 1.007 to 2.192). Among MetS components, abdominal obesity and hypertension were independent predictors of both CHD and CVD. In addition, a higher number of MetS components correlated with higher CVD risk.

Conclusion

MetS is a significant risk factor for the development of CVD although its impact varies between sexes.

Citations

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Cardiovascular age of workers with different employment categories
Byung-Kook Lee, Jaeouk Ahn, Nam-Soo Kim, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2022; 77(3): 243. CrossRef
Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Mikkel Roulund Wilken, Max Norman Tandrup Lambert, Christine Bodelund Christensen, Per Bendix Jeppesen
Review of Diabetic Studies.2022; 18(1): 42. CrossRef
Rate and risk factors of metabolic components and component combinations according to hypertension status in Tibetans in a cross-sectional study
Jihong Hu, Brian Thompson, Shuxia Wang, Minhao Guo, Chunjuan Yan, Fengfeng Ding, Peng Guo, Li Chen, Zhuoma Cao, Jianzong Wang
Medicine.2022; 101(43): e31320. CrossRef
Gender differences in changes in metabolic syndrome status and its components and risk of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study
Azra Ramezankhani, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Association of Metabolic Syndrome with the development of cardiovascular disease among Kazakhs in remote rural areas of Xinjiang, China: a cohort study
Wenwen Yang, Shuxia Guo, Haixia Wang, Yu Li, Xianghui Zhang, Yunhua Hu, Heng Guo, Kui Wang, Yizhong Yan, Jingyu Zhang, Jiaolong Ma, Lei Mao, Lati Mu, Jiaming Liu, Yanpeng Song, Changjing Li, Zhuo Ma, Rulin Ma, Jia He
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum Arylsulfatase and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome as a Result of Oxidative Damage to Lysosomes
Dorota M. Olszewska-Słonina
Protein & Peptide Letters.2021; 28(11): 1246. CrossRef
Validation of Risk Prediction Models for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in a Prospective Korean Community-Based Cohort
Jae Hyun Bae, Min Kyong Moon, Sohee Oh, Bo Kyung Koo, Nam Han Cho, Moon-Kyu Lee
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The Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in the Korean Military Compared with the General Population
Jung Hwan Lee, Da Hea Seo, Min Jung Nam, Geon Hui Lee, Dong Hee Yang, Min Joo Lee, Ung-Rim Choi, Seongbin Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between serum bilirubin levels and cardiovascular disease
Sunghwan Suh, Young Rak Cho, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Nam H. Cho, Moon-Kyu Lee, Christian Herder
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Comparison Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Framingham Risk Score as Predictors of Cardiovascular Diseases Among Kazakhs in Xinjiang
Wenwen Yang, Rulin Ma, Xianghui Zhang, Heng Guo, Jia He, Lei Mao, Lati Mu, Yunhua Hu, Yizhong Yan, Jiaming Liu, Jiaolong Ma, Shugang Li, Yusong Ding, Mei Zhang, Jingyu Zhang, Shuxia Guo
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Impact of interactions among metabolic syndrome components on the development of cardiovascular disease among Kazakhs in Xinjiang
Wenwen Yang, Xiang Gao, Xianghui Zhang, Yunhua Hu, Heng Guo, Kui Wang, Yizhong Yan, Jia He, Jingyu Zhang, Jiaolong Ma, Lei Mao, Lati Mu, Jiaming Liu, Shugang Li, Yusong Ding, Mei Zhang, Rulin Ma, Shuxia Guo, Mahesh Narayan
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Jae Moon Yun, Tae Gon Yoo, Seung-Won Oh, Be Long Cho, Eunyoung Kim, Insob Hwang
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Metabolic Syndrome Is a Strong Risk Factor for Minor Ischemic Stroke and Subsequent Vascular Events
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Won-Young Lee
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Heat Killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 Reduces Fibrosis Effects on the Liver and Heart in High Fat Diet-Hamsters via TGF-β Suppression
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Case Reports

A Case of Graves' Disease Presented as Generalized Seizure Attack.: So Young Park, Su Kyoung Park, Sung Hwan Suh, Duk Kyu Kim, Sang Ho Kim, Mi Kyoung Park, Song Yee Han, Seung Hee Ryu, Su Mi Woo, Sung Woo Lee, Neul Bom Yoon; Endocrinol Metab. 2012;27(2):142-146. Published online June 20, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2012.27.2.142

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Abstract PDF: Hyperthyroidism is diagnosed when a patient is presented with typical symptoms, such as weight loss, palpitation, and hand tremor. However, early diagnosis is difficult in elders, because they have no typical symptoms, but only cardiovascular or muscular symptoms. In hyperthyroidism, there are often with neurologic changes, leading to various neurologic symptoms. Generalized or focal seizures are rarely reported in thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic crisis. Further, cases of hyperthyroidism presented as generalized seizure attack are extremely rare. We report a case of hyperthyroidism. A patient is presented at the hospital with mental change, as well as generalized seizure, who was finally diagnosed to have Graves' disease. A 56-year-old male was admitted to the hospital because of mental change with generalized seizure attack. Initial neurologic evaluations, including a brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram proved to be normal. But, thyroid function test showed abnormal results. We diagnosed him as Graves' disease and prescribed anti-thyroid drug. Thereafter, there has been no recurrence of neurologic symptoms for 12 months.

A Case of Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Rapid Regression of a Brown Tumor after Parathyroidectomy.: Ji Young Mok, Ha Yeon Kim, Hsing Chien Ter, Sang Ock Kim, Dong Kyun Kim, Ji Sun Han, So Young Park, Sa Rah Lee, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2010;25(1):50-55. Published online March 1, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2010.25.1.50

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Abstract PDF: Primary hyperparathyroidism is mainly caused by parathyroid adenoma (85%) and is characterized by hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, renal stones, and gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Because of improvements in blood analysis over the last two decades, primary hyperparathyroidism is typically diagnosed early and asymptomatically. A rare clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism, brown tumors (osteitis fibrosa cystica), are osteolytic lesions resulting from long-term hyperparathyroidism. Radiologically, it is difficult to distinguish a brown tumor from plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, or bone metastasis. We report a case of a 44-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism that caused a large brown tumor (11 x 5 x 8 cm) that mimicked plasmacytoma or cancer metastasis on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. After a bone biopsy report that was highly suggestive of a brown tumor, serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone levels were determined. The lesion was ultimately diagnosed as a brown tumor and a parathyroidectomy was performed. After 1 year, the lesion has nearly regressed by follow up of the anteroposterior view of the pelvis and bone mineral density has improved. The present case highlights the importance of considering brown tumors in the evaluation of patients presenting with hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions without definite primary neoplasm.

Original Article

The Effect of Fenofibrate and Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatic Steatosis in OLETF Rats.: Kyung II Lee, Ji Min Kim, Ja Young Park, Ja Won Kim, Ji Young Mok, Mi Kyoung Park, Hye Jeong Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Wenjun Li, Duk Kyu Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(3):192-202. Published online June 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.3.192

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to verify the effects of fenofibrate monotherapy and fenofibrate combined with exercise for improving metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. METHODS: Thirty-four weeks old OLETF rats (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats, n = 20) were divided four groups: the regular diet group (n = 5, DD group), the exercise group (n = 5, DE group), the fenofibrate (100 mg/kg) treated group (n = 5, DF group) and the combination treatment group {fenofibrate and exercise (n = 5, EF group)}. After 5 weeks of treatment, blood was drawn for measuring the blood glucose, insulin, lipid and leptin levels. All the subjects were sacrificed for assessment of their body adiposity and hepatic steatosis. RESULTS: The total amount of food intake, body weight and total body weight of the rat were significantly decreased in the EF and DF groups compared to the DD group. The plasma triglyceride and glucose levels were significantly decreased in the EF and DF groups compared to the DD group. The HOMA-IR of EF, DF and DE groups were significantly decreased compared with that of the DD group. The plasma leptin levels of the EF and DF groups were significantly decreased compared with those of the DD and DE groups. The hepatic steatosis index was significantly decreased in the EF and DF groups compared to the DD and DE groups. CONCLUSION: Fenofibrate monotherapy was effective to control three major components (obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia) of metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis in OLETF rats. Exercise combined with fenofibrate treatment showed an additional effect compared to that of fenofibrate monotherapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of Fenofibrate and Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatic Steatosis
Bong Soo Cha, Jae Hyuk Lee
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2007; 22(3): 188. CrossRef

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